The World Conservation Union 世界自然保護聯盟

世界自然保護聯盟（IUCN）《瀕危物種紅色名錄》是全球資料最齊全的物種名冊，詳列所有植物和動物品種的保育情況。世界自然保護聯盟物種生存委員會的義務專家根據收集到的資料，制定一套標準，用來評估成千上萬個物種的絕種危機。 灭绝危机升级：红色清单显示，大型类人猿，珊瑚，秃鹰，海豚，都在危险的

Smalltooth Sawfish (Pristis pectinata) was uplisted to Critically Endangered in 2006. It is a widely distributed sawfish which has been wholly or nearly extirpated from large areas of its former range in the North Atlantic (Mediterranean, US Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico) and the Southwest Atlantic coast by fishing and habitat modification. Remaining populations are now small and fragmented distribution. It is apparently extinct in the Mediterranean and likely also the Northeast Atlantic. Reports of this species outside the Atlantic are now considered to have been misidentifications of other Pristis species. The individual shown here resides at Atlantis, Paradise Island in The Bahamas, site of the world's largest artificial marine habitat. Photo © Sun International Resorts, Inc.

Forest Owlet (Heteroglaux blewitti) is a Critically Endangered species endemic to central India. It was known from four widely separated localities during the 19th Century, but was then thought to be extinct for more than 100 years. In 1997 the owlet was rediscovered and in 2000, a survey located only 25 birds. More recent survey efforts have located another five sites. Although there is some confusion over its former abundance, evidence strongly suggests it has always been rare. Loss of its deciduous forest habitat threaten the population. Photo © Farah Ishtiaq.




Verreaux’s Sifaka Lemur (Propithecus verreauxi) is endemic to Madagascar and is assessed as Vulnerable. This lemur’s deciduous forest habitat is being cleared for timber, firewood and charcoal production, resulting in a fragmented habitat that is also at risk from fires. The species is also hunted in some areas of the island. Photo © Troy Inman.




Golden Lion Tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia) is endemic to Brazil. The species moved from Critically Endangered down to Endangered after nearly 30 years of conservation efforts resulted in a population increase. There are now estimated to be more than 1,000 individuals. There is little room for further expansion of the wild population, however, considering the extreme fragmentation and reduced forest cover within its range. Current and future conservation efforts are tackling this problem with reforestation and the establishment of habitat corridors. Photo © Juan Pratginestós/WWF-Brasil.

Gray Whale (Eschrichtius robustus). The Northwest Pacific (Asia) gray whale stock is assessed as Critically Endangered on the basis that it is geographically distinct, and is thought to have less than 50 reproductive individuals. This subpopulation was hunted to near extinction and remains severely depleted. The potential impacts of industrial activity throughout the subpopulation’s known range are poorly understood. Globally, the species is still Lower Risk/conservation dependent. Photo © David W. Weller.




Dlinza Forest Pinwheel (Trachycystis clifdeni) is a Critically Endangered snail known only from Dlinza forest, South Africa. The forest is protected under KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife, however, it is a very small area (only 250 hectares) within an urban location and there is concern that the species may be negatively impacted by extreme stochastic weather conditions and climate change. Photo © Dai G. Herbert.




Red-shanked Douc Langur (Pygathrix nemaeus) handsome, yet Enda is angered Asian colobine monkey found in south central Viet Nam and parts of neighbouring Laos. It is threatened throughout its limited range by habitat destruction and hunting, the latter both for food and for body parts, which are used to prepare traditional medicines. While a number of Douc Langur populations can still be found in parks and nature reserves, wildlife laws established to protect this and other threatened species are too often poorly enforced in the face of lucrative and illegal wildlife trade. Photo © Bill Konstant.




The Common Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) was uplisted from Least Concern to Vulnerable for the 2006 Red List. The most recent population estimates suggest that there has been 7 to 20% decline in common hippo populations since 1994. The primary threats to the species are hunting for meat and ivory (found in the canine teeth) and habitat loss. Illegal or unregulated hunting of common hippos is particularly high in areas of civil unrest. A recent field survey found that populations in DRC have declined more than 95% as a result of intense hunting pressure, during more than eight years of civil unrest and fighting. Estimates of the amount of hippo ivory illegally exported have also increased, and its reliance on fresh water habitats, which are themselves threatened from water diversion and development, put the species in direct conflict with human populations. Photo © Jean-Christophe Vié.

The Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) moved into the threatened categories after being reassessed as Vulnerable for the 2006 Red List. Recent modelling of the trends for sea ice extent, thickness and timing of coverage predicts dramatic reductions in sea ice coverage over the next 50 to 100 years due to global climate change. It is suspected that there will be a population reduction of at least 30% over the next 45 years as a result of this habitat loss and declining habitat quality. Other threats to the population include pollution, and disturbance from shipping, recreational viewing, oil and gas exploration and development, and potential risk of over-harvesting (as a result of both legal and illegal hunting) in future. Photo © Robert & Carolyn Buchanan.

The Blue Poison Frog (Dendrobates azureus) is listed as Vulnerable because of its highly restricted range. This frog is known only from the type locality on Vier Gebroeders Mountain, Suriname. It is not significantly threatened in its tiny range, but fire probably has an impact on its forest habitat. Illegal collection of the species for the international pet trade probably no longer has a significant impact, since the species is extensively bred in captivity. Photo © Russ Mittermeier.





Floreana Coral (Tubastraea floreana) is a rare endemic coral to the Galápagos Archipelago. Before 1983, the species was known from only six sites. However, after the 1982-1983 El Niño event, it was not reported from any site until the early 1990s when three colonies were observed and photographed at Cousins, near Santiago. These colonies were observed each year until 2001 when they disappeared. Despite targeted searches throughout the Archipelago, the only colonies found recently were located at Gardner Islet, near Floreana in 2004. The dramatic reduction in this coral's distribution immediately after the 1982-83 El Niño event suggests that this mortality resulted from the event. Presumably climate change is an additional threat. It is listed on the 2007 Red List as Critically Endangered. Photo © P. Humann / http://www.fishid.com/. Photo provided by ARKive.

The Humphead Parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum) is listed on the 2007 Red List as Vulnerable. This Indo-Pacific marine fish is now considered globally rare, with local densities negatively correlated with fishing pressure and with suspected local extinctions at some localities. Underwater surveys across its range have either failed to detect this species or have detected only rare individuals. It is considered abundant only on the Great Barrier Reef and at Rowley Shoals (Australia). This is a large-sized, long-lived species with low replacement rates and high vulnerability to fishing pressure. It is an important coral reef species, maintaining ecosystem resilience; the species consumes reef carbonate; its absence highlights the potential for marked changes in ecosystem function. The main threat to the Humphead Parrotfish is fishing, particularly spearfishing. Photo © Georgette Douwma / naturepl.com. Photo provided by ARKive.

The Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Lizard (Uma inornata) is endemic to southern California in the United States, and is restricted to the Coachella Valley in Riverside County. Its small historical range (around 839 km²) is now much reduced due to agricultural and urban development; its habitat has been degraded by stabilization of dunes by planted windbreaks. At least 80-90% of this lizard's habitat has been lost. Roads and railroad cuttings fragment the remaining habitat. Sand migration due to winds may affect the long-term survival of this species at two of the sections of the Coachella Valley Preserve, as the dunes may be moving out of the conservation areas. The species is listed as Endangered. Photo © William Flaxington.

The Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila) is endemic to California in the United States and is listed as Endangered. Its distribution and abundance have both been greatly reduced due to habitat loss to urbanization, water development projects, and agricultural development; intensive mineral development, off-road vehicle activity, pesticides, overgrazing, and flooding. The species has been eliminated from 94% of its original range since the mid-1800s and its currently known occupied range includes scattered parcels of undeveloped land on the floor of the San Joaquin Valley and in the foothills of the Coast Range. There are not many more than a few dozen distinct subpopulations. Photo © Patrick Briggs.

White-headed Vulture (Trigonoceps occipitalis) was uplisted from Least Concern to Vulnerable in 2007. This vulture has an extremely large range in sub-Saharan Africa. It has declined rapidly in parts of West Africa since the early 1940s and in southern Africa is now largely confined to protected areas. It is estimated that the global population is around 2,600-4,700 pairs (7,000-12,500 mature individuals). Reductions in populations of medium-sized mammals and wild ungulates, as well as habitat conversion throughout its range best explain current decline. Additional threats are indirect poisoning by baits set to kill jackals in small-stock farming areas, although this species is less susceptible than other vultures owing to its broad diet. Exploitation for the international trade in raptors also poses a threat. Photo © Nigel J. Dennis / NHPA / Photoshot. Photo provided by ARKive.

The Baiji (Lipotes vexillifer) is probably the most threatened cetacean species in the world. The last documented sighting of the species was in 2002 and in November/December 2006 surveys faile d to find any individuals of the species in its native Yangtze River in China. The species has been listed as Critically Endangered since 1996, but in 2007 it was reassessed as Critically Endangered and flagged as Possibly Extinct. Entanglement in fishing gear, electric fishing practices, boat propeller strikes, dam construction, river siltation (from deforestation and agricultural expansion), and pollution have all contributed to the dramatic declines of this species. Further survey work is essential to confirm whether this species still exists or if it is indeed now extinct; for example, a reported sighting of the species in August 2007 requires confirmation. Photo © Mark Carwardine / NHPA / Photoshot. Photo provided by ARKive.

Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) is listed as Critically Endangered. Endemic to the island of Sumatra in Indonesia, this ape has suffered a population decline of more than 80% over the last 75 years. The species is seriously threatened by logging (both legal and illegal), wholesale conversion of forest to agricultural land, and oil palm plantations, and fragmentation by roads. Animals are also illegally hunted and captured for the international pet trade but this appears to be more a symptom of habitat conversion, as orangutans are killed as pests when they raid fruit crops at the forest edge. Most orang-utans occur outside of protected areas. After a period of relative stability, pressure on these forests is increasing once again as a result of the recent peace accord, and a dramatic increase in demand for timber and other natural resources after the December 2004 tsunami. Photo © Anup Shah / naturepl.com. Photo provided by ARKive.


The Western Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) was uplisted from Endangered to Critically Endangered in 2007 after the Western Lowland Gorilla (G. g. gorilla) subspecies, suffered a population decline of more than 60% since the early 1980s. Hunting and deaths caused by Ebola were the main causes of this decline and both these threats continue to affect the Western Lowland Gorilla population. An investigation of Ebola outbreaks has revealed that if this disease continues at its current rate and trajectory, then the Western Lowland Gorilla abundance in all current protected areas could decline by 45% between 1992 and 2011. The Western Lowland Gorilla makes up most of the current Western Gorilla population. The other subspecies, Cross River Gorilla (G. g. diehli), was first listed as Critically Endangered in 1996. With fewer than 200 mature adults remaining in this population and ongoing habitat loss, it is still a highly threatened subspecies and remains in the Critically Endangered category. Photo © M. Watson / www.ardea.com. Photo pji (Lipotes vexillifer) is probably the most threatenedrovided by ARKive.

Save the hippocampus as marine rescue 拯救海馬等同拯救海洋

許多海馬品種均已被列入 世界自然保護聯盟《瀕危動物紅色名錄》當中，其中多為「易危」品種，目前只有南非品種肯斯那海馬H. capensis被列為「瀕危物種」。由於受到生態條件限制，海馬特別容易受過度捕撈影響：：

1. 產卵量少，限制繁殖率；
2. 幼海馬由雄性孵化，若牠們要順利出生，父母的生存時間需較其他魚類長；
3. 根據研究顯示，大部份海馬均行單配偶制，表示喪失伴侶的雄性海馬必須另覓新伴侶，才會繼續生產；
4. 由於種群數目稀少，表示雄海馬失去配偶後，較難在短時間內填補新伴侶；
5. 根據對已知品種進行的監察結果顯示，成年海馬的自然死亡率或許甚低，可見捕魚已成為海馬面對的壓力之一；
6. 儘管幼年海馬可能是擴散至其他範圍棲息的主要動力，然而許多成年海馬品種的活動及居住範圍細少，因此影響牠們移棲至海馬數目下降的地區。

我們需要搜集更多關於海馬主要生活的資料，例如成長速度、壽命和幼魚分佈等，來進一步肯定或推翻這些概括性的歸納結論。

更重要的工作是爭取向大眾宣揚海洋保育的機會。全球的科學家、管理部門和非政府組織必須攜手合作，才可保障海馬、其近親以及棲息地的未來。

1. 透過諮詢和培訓、發展技能與邀請法律機構的參與，管理遭開採的資源，藉此協助收入微薄的漁業社區。
2. 為熱帶漁業發展新管理方案和模型，並了解非食用魚漁業的生態和經濟影響；
3. 減少被「一網打盡」式的捕魚器具意外撈獲的海馬數量，尤其是必要的漁業品種；
4. 修復全球受損程度最嚴重及最重要的海洋生態系統，包括衰退了的海草、珊瑚、紅樹林和河口生境；
5. 開闢海洋保護區，以增加區內魚類的數目、體積和種類，並加強區外的漁業管理；
6. 發展顧及生境地需要，並在經濟上可持續發展的維生方法，以減輕已被過度開採的野生海馬資源面對的捕撈壓力；
7. 與消費者合作，發展海產生態認證制度。

保育海馬種群的原因可分生態層面、生物層面、經濟層面及醫學層面。這種魚類主要以底棲類生物為食糧，若遭捕光，將嚴重影響生態系統的運作。海馬由雄性負責產卵，終生只有一個伴侶，都是極為特別的生活特徵，為探索牠們的繁殖生態提供難能可貴的機會。某些國家的捕魚社區的大部份收入均來自海馬，隨著其他種類的漁穫量下降，漁民對海馬將更加依賴。海馬可以治療多種疾病，甚至重症，是傳統醫學中常用的藥材。

集中研究海馬將有助號召專業人士、決策人和公眾攜手合作，保護海洋。海馬的魅力非凡，深受各民族的相關團體重視，全球在保育海馬方面均採取合作態度，為保育其他海洋生物與生態系統帶來新機會。

Commercial fishing 商业捕鱼：如何让鱼从公海到你的超级市场

商业捕鱼活动，是爱护动物就几乎是难以想象的规模。鱼看看，所以不像人类，很多人并没有意识到，他们觉得疼痛，就好像我们做的，并导致复杂的智慧生命，这些竞争对手的狗和其他一些哺乳动物。路，这些动物的待遇，由商业捕鱼业应作动物爱好者，到处放弃他们的口味为鱼肉为好。

今天的商业渔民使用大量船只大小足球场和先进的电子设备和卫星通信跟踪鱼。这些巨大的船只可以留在海上，为长达六个月之久，贮存成千上万吨的鱼板载大量冷冻舱。

商业捕鱼已成为一个做大生意的人，和使用的方法，以捕捉并杀死动物是残忍，因为所用的工厂，农民或屠房经营者。事实上，所用的方法，以杀死鱼类表明，商业捕鱼者看到自己的猎物，因为没有更多的感觉比对岩石山和可怕的残酷性，他们所造成的对数千亿的鱼是完全不受任何规管。

然而，商业捕鱼者杀千亿计的动物，每年都远超过其他任何行业，他们已经decimated我们的海洋生态系统。事实上，百分之九十的大型鱼类种群已经灭绝，在过去50年和最近发布的一份报告发表在学术期刊的科学估计，由今年为2048我们的海洋将完全被过度捕捞。

没有生命的海洋可能会鼓励增长，在养鱼业，但粮农组织关注的是，即使是养鱼，将无法满足需求，为鱼类，由于养殖鱼类，必须美联储5磅的商业捕捞上来的，每发现鱼肉的产品。点击这里了解更多。

渔业伤害鱼… …及其他动物，太
商业渔船离开自己的港口，在追求具体品种的鱼类，但它们的鱼钩和鱼网带来了数千英镑的其它海洋动物以及。鲨鱼，海龟，鸟类，海豹，鲸鱼和其他非目标鱼类得到纠缠在网和钩长线路被称为"副渔获物" ，并投掷离谱。他们的牺牲品蜂拥鸟或慢慢流血而死在水中。科学家最近发现，近1000人的海洋哺乳动物-鲸，海豚，小海豚模每一天后，他们陷入鱼网。根据某些估计，虾艇抛弃高达85 ％的渔获，使虾可以说是最符合环保的破坏性鱼肉的人可以食用。

An inhuman farms 一个惨无人道的养殖场

生殖器电击：真实的恐怖故事
养殖场里堆放着一排排矮小的铁丝笼子，每堆4个，每排约25个。栗鼠从铁丝网里警惕地向外望着，远处一面墙的架子上挂满了毛皮。除了在墙角的一个收音机在播放着轻柔的音乐外，四周像殓房般的死寂。这是两名PETA调查员在一个皮草“制造”工场所看到的一幕，这个皮草农场隐藏在美国密歇根州一个白雪皑皑的寂静小镇里。PETA研究及调查部（Research & Investigations Department）派出两个秘密调查小组，到五个州的皮草“工场”进行调查。我们的调查员不仅亲眼目睹了动物的生活条件，还看到了它们是如何在肮脏的皮草农场中死去的。调查员还发现了一种从未向世人披露的屠杀方法：生殖器电击。

小动物的深重苦难
在生殖器电击过程中，屠杀者用一个鳄鱼钳夹住动物的耳朵，另一个夹住它的阴唇，然后打开电流开关或把插头插到墙上的插座，让一股强大的电流从它的皮下直通全身。被电击的动物马上就会浑身抽搐，然后全身僵硬。可是生物学家 Leslie Gerstenfeld-Press 说，虽然电流会让它的心脏停止跳动，但它没有立刻死亡。很多时，动物仍然有知觉。电流会导致难以承受的肌肉疼痛，同时也能起到瘫痪的作用，让受害者无法叫喊或反抗。一名使用生殖器电击方法的栗鼠养殖场场主告诉我们的调查员，他会保留夹子在动物身上“一到两分钟”，以确保动物的心脏不会再度起动。但有时动物也会苏醒过来，当然它们会感到痛楚。一名场主当着调查员的面前把插头拔下来，听了听动物的心跳后说：“不行，还在跳。”于是又把插头插上30秒钟。

并非温柔地杀死它们
一名农夫便有这样的体验：“有时动物也会反抗”。栗鼠跟所有动物一样，不会甘愿地死去；虽它们等待死亡时发不出声音 — 农场主人夹上鳄鱼钳时会让它们四脚朝天，但它们的胡须和嘴唇会不停地颤抖，直到电流令所有动作静止。为方便调查员观看，农夫把动物放到桌上，他说通常他只是用夹子夹住动物的尾巴吊起来。

在屠杀小动物时，用“突然折断”或“击断”脖子的方法会比较方便，而且也成本较低。在PETA参观的一个农场，农场主人用一只手扼住栗鼠的脖子，另一只手抓住它下身，然后猛力拉脱它的椎骨，把它的脖子弄断。拧断脖子只需一秒钟，但一个农场主人说，之后动物会抽搐“约五分钟”。断颈后，可能要经过两分钟，动物的大脑才会死亡；如同调查员的录像所示，被拧断脖子的小生命在这期间会痛苦地挣扎。

To the enormous suffering of animals 小动物的深重苦难

海狸

海狸是极温顺和注重家庭观念的动物，它们有固定的终生配偶，并与子女保持终生的友好关系。作为世界上第二大啮齿动物，海狸可以存活19年，重达27公斤， 体长可愈一米。小海狸一般都生长在父母勤奋、关爱、长年厮守的家庭。母海狸既要照顾年幼的子女，又要看管调皮好动的青年海狸，所以会特别繁忙。

海狸是无可争议的建筑大师，它们的巢穴错综复杂，构建得当，能够承受经年的风吹雨打。海狸尽管终日“忙碌”，但仍会经常维修它们的家，显然它们对自己的杰作感到非常自豪。

曾经有一段时间，这种令人赞叹的动物几乎被捕杀殆尽，濒临灭绝。虽然它们现在暂时逃过灭绝的阴影，但危机仍然时刻伴随着它们。捕猎者用夹着海狸身体的陷阱 来捕捉和杀死海狸，令这种敏感的动物受到莫大的痛苦。很多时，夹住身体的陷阱（Conibear）并不能迅速抓住或夹中动物。如果陷阱不能即时杀死海狸， 它们会慢慢地被淹死，可能要承受长达20分钟的痛苦。淹死是一种极端残忍的行为 — 美国兽医协会（AVMA）在其2000年AVMA安乐死报告（2000 Report of the AVMA Panel on Euthanasia）中就对此作出了谴责。

兔子

兔子非常喜欢群居，它们与家人一起住在地下的兔穴里。它们跳跃前进的速度比猫、人类、甚至白尾鹿奔跑的速度还要快。兔子喜欢啃紫花苜蓿、梯牧草、苹果、胡 萝卜和脆绿的蔬菜。它们会用力咀嚼，以修磨不停生长的门牙。它们通过肢体语言进行交流，并像猫一样用下巴蹭树枝、石头或其它地标来划分各自的领域范围。家 里养有兔子的人都知道，兔子非常柔情，会紧紧偎依着人类，在人身上轻轻地磨蹭它们的脖子。兔子像猫和狗一样，是一种很敏感而且聪明的动物，拥有自己的个 性。它们会与其它兔子及人类保持终生的关系，喜欢玩玩具，甚至能学会使用便盆。

与其它为了获得皮毛而被“饲养”的动物一样，天性非常洁净的兔子被关到狭小肮脏的笼子里，四周堆满了自己的粪便。它们不得不站在笼子幼细的铁丝上渡过悲惨 的一生，永远都得不到掘坑、跳跃或嬉戏的机会。它们被屠杀的方式可谓惨无人道 — 在双腿还没有被绑住，头部被割下前，就已被拧断脖子，或被击打头胪。

狐狸

狐狸是非常聪明的夜行动物，它们毛茸茸的大尾巴会散发出强烈的气味，以此进行交流。狐狸并非一些农民所说的“偷鸡贼”，而是经常以水果、桨果、树根、腐 肉、老鼠及蛞蝓为生。狐狸在生态环境中扮演着重要的角色 — “清洁”环境，而它们能否存活，通常取决于它们领域范围内的食物数量。虽然狐狸一般只能存活一到两年，但如果唯一会猎杀它们的人类任由它们自生自灭的话， 它们可以活到九岁。母狐狸们会共同抚养它们的孩子，小狐狸则通过嬉戏学会照顾自己。

但不幸的是，许多小狐狸都没有机会通过母亲和阿姨的爱抚来学习本领，而是被人类关到饲养场狭小肮脏的铁笼里面饲养。这些狐狸大都是在极端恶劣的条件下生活 数年，然后被农场屠杀，皮毛则被卖去制作衣物、袖口、衣领和装饰品。野生狐狸则被铁钳捕具夹断腿，直到数小时或数天后，捕猎者前来打死它们时才得以解脱。 在很多地方，人们会驱使饥饿的猎狗去追逐惊惶失措的狐狸，美其名曰“运动”。惊恐万分的狐狸一旦被猎狗抓住就会被撕成碎片。

貂

貂有时被称为“沼泽水獭”，它们喜欢游泳，通常生活在近水区域。野貂喜欢独居，而且有很强的地域观念，经常长途跋涉，有时会“寄宿”在其它动物的巢穴里。

在皮草农场，貂被关在小笼子里饲养，被剥夺游泳的机会，这是对它们喜欢游泳的天性极大的摧残。狭窄的铁笼让天生爱好游玩的貂无从发泄。农场饲养的貂常常摇着头在肮脏的笼子里面踱步 — 这种烦燥的重复行为是极度心理压抑的表现。

栗鼠

栗鼠是一种害羞但聪明的动物，以蔬菜和水果为生，在野外可以存活达15年之久。这种敏感的夜行动物生性喜欢唠叨，它们可以整夜聊天到天亮。栗鼠极度清洁， 它们经常洗尘浴来护理自己非常浓密的皮毛。这种“毛浴”也是一个宝贵的享受和娱乐 — 但在被残酷地“饲养”以获取皮毛的笼子里，栗鼠这种享受和娱乐都被剥夺了。

栗鼠原本是南美洲特有的动物，但现在皮草农场或宠物店经销商也会饲养它们，把它们当作“宠物”出售，可是买“宠物”的人往往不知道如何饲养它们。在美国密 歇根州的一个皮草农场，PETA调查员目睹栗鼠在完全清醒的情况下被电击或拧断脖子，遭受痛苦的折磨。

浣熊

浣熊身上有一层美丽的绒毛，它们眼睛周围有黑色的“面具”。在野外，它们可以存活七年乃至更长。浣熊是杂食动物，它们的食物包括青蛙、鱼、鸡蛋、水果、坚 果、昆虫和谷物等。它们主要是在夜间行动，但当察觉不到人类出现时，它们也经常在日间嬉戏。它们非常聪明（经常能弄开最复杂的锁），但很可惜由于人类的发 展，它们要面对失去栖息地的境况。

像狐狸一样，浣熊经常被饥饿的猎狗追杀，成为残忍人类的受害者。跟狐狸一样，浣熊经常被铁钳捕具夹住，在被杀死之前要忍受数小时的痛苦，或是要咬断自己的手或腿以求逃脱。同栗鼠、兔子和海狸一样，垂涎浣熊皮毛的人们时刻都在威胁着它们的生命。